Ubukana nimiterere bw’icyorezo cya coronavirus gihangayikishije isi yose

 

Coronavirus novel 2019 cg COVID-19 ni icyorezo gishya cyatangiye kugaragara mu kwezi k’Ukuboboza umwaka ishize wa 2019. Iki cyorezo kigitangira yari irwara shyashya itari iramenyekana neza iyariyo, hataranamenyekana aho iva nikiyitera. Iki cyorezo cyagaragaye bwambere mugihugu cy’Ubushinwa mugace kitwa Wuhan, iki gihe iyi virusi ntazina yari ifite rizwi. Umuryango mpuzamahanga wita kubuzima (WHO/OMS) ugaragazako yatangiye yitwa irwara ifata imyanya yubuhumekero (umusonga) yafashe abantu bo mugace kamwe ko m'Ubushinwa ka Wuhan (cluster pneumonia). Icyo gihe hari hagikorwa ubushakashatsi butandukanye kwiyi virus ari nako hashakishwa izina ryiki cyorezo. Ku itari ya 11 Gashyantare 2020 umuryango mpuzamahanga waje gutangazako iyi virus yitwa 2019 novel coronavirus izwi kwizina ryimpinte rya COVID-19 (soma kovidi cumi nicyenda cg kovidi nayinetini).

Nkuko tubikesha Worldmeters.info kuva mupmera zukwezi kwa gatatu (cases zari 600 000) ariko kwa Werurwe (31 March, 2020) abantu banduye agakoko ka covid-19 bariyongeye bikabije. Mugihe kitarenze ukwezi n’iniminsi icumi (40 days) abo ibipimo byari byagaragaje ko bafite aka gakoko ka covid-19 bikubye inshuro zigera kuri zirindwi (4.1 million cases). Ubu (9^th May, 2020) abamaze gukira aka gakoko ni miliyoni imwe nibihumbi maganane nabatanu (1.405 million recovered cases) bonyine, naho abarenga ibihumbi maganabiri mirongo inani (280 milles deaths) bamaze gutwarwa ubuzima cg kwitaba Imana (gupfa) bitewe niki cyorezo.

Imbonerahamwe igaragaza ubwiyongere bwa covid-19

WORLDWIDE CASES IN 40 DAYS	TOTAL CASES	RECOVERED	DEATHS
31/03/2020	600,000.0	138,000.0	28,000.0
09/05/2020	4,057,781.0	1,414,721.0	277,944.0
Difference in 40 days	3,457,781.0	1,276,721.0	249,944.0
Ratio in 40 days	6.76	10.25	9.93

Source: worldometers.info/coronavirus (May, 2020) & NZAYISENGA J. (May, 2020).

Mugihe cyiminsi mirongo ine (40) abanduye bashya biyoreye bikabije bikuba ishuro zisatira kuri zirindwi (6.76 times), abapfuye nabo biyongereye ubudahwema bikuba incuro zisaga kw’icumi (9.93 times). Abakize nabo batanze icyizere nubwo kidahagije aha bariyongereye ubwikube incuro icumi zirengaho gato (10.25 times) ugereranyije namezi asaga ane kuva iki cyorezo kigaragaye m'Ubushinwa.

Imiterere cg Anatomi (anatomy) ya koronavivirusi igaragara

Cororonavirus ni urusobe rugari rugizwe n’utunyangingo duto dutanga uruherekane (DNA) rwa virus. Ikagira uduce tubiri (2) twa protein (soma poroteyine) nagace kinuma kameze kameze nkamahwa kitwa spikes (soma sipayike) ari nako kayifasha gufata cg kumatira mubice byuhumekero. Ibi bice tuvuze haruguru nibyo bituma igaragara imeze nkaho ari urugori ruzwi nka cown mundimi zamahanga (aribyo corona). Ibi bice bikikije DNA nibyo bituma iyi virusi ijya mubwoko bwa Corona, kubera biba bimeze nkaho ari urugori. Aha akaba ariho hava izina coronavirus (soma korona virusi), iri jambo rikaba rigizwe namagambo abiri (2) atandukanye ariyo corona (urugori) na virus (virusi).

Hari ubwoko butandukanye bwa coronavirus butandukanye hakurikizwe ibice by’umubiri virusi ziba zafashe. Aha twasangamo izifata izifata imyanya y’ubuhumekero (respiratory system) cgangwa izifata imyanga y’uruwungano ngogozi (gastrointestinal). Aha turibanda izifata umwanya w’ubuhumekero. Ariho dusangamo ibicurane bisanzwe (cammon cold) cg umusonga (pneumonia), ubundi izi rwara ubusanzwe ntiziba zikanganye cyane (mild disease) gusa bibaho ko ziba irwara zikomeye (severe diseaases). Murwara ziterwa na virusi yomubwoko bwa corona zikanganye twangamo izi zikurikira:

Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome coronavirus (SARS-cov): iyi ni virusi yadutse mumwaka wi 2003 mugihugu cyubushinwa.

Middle East Respiratory Syndrome coronavirus (MERS-cov): iyi ni virusi yadutse mumwaka wi 2012 mugihugu cya Saudi Arabia.

2019 novel coronavirus (COVID-19): iyi yo niyo yugarije isi yose muriki gihe (2020).

Iyi COVID-19 yatangiye kugaragara m’Ubushinwa mugace ka Wuhan m’Ukuboza 2019 ubwo yabonekaga mubaturage baribariye zimwe munyamaswa zinyagasozi cyane izo mumazi y’inyanja (sea food), nizindi zitandukanye ziboneka mumasoko yomwako gace. Aha byatangiyebagaragaza bimwe mubimenyetso bya coronavirus, harimo umuriro, gukorora, guhumeka nabi no kubabara mumihogo.

Ibimenyetso by'irwara ya COVID-19

Source: NZAYISENGA J. (March 2020)

Igihe uburwayi bwakomeye umurwayi ashobora kugira umusonga, gutakaza ubushozi kw’ipyiko (kidney failure) ndetse ukaba wanapfa.