Ubushakashatsi kub'udahangarwa rusange bw'abaturage ku cyorezo cya COVID-19

Ese ubudahangarwa rusange ku indwara buba buteye bute?

Aha ufite indwara yerekanwa mu ibara titukura, abari mwibara ry'umukara nabakingiwe. Uyu murwayi ntashobora kwanduza aba bandi kuko bafite ubwirinzi bakomora kurukingo.

Ubudahangarwa bwa rusange bw'abaturage ku indwara buzwi nka ‘herd immunity’ mundimi zamahanga, buzwi nanone kandi ku izina ry'ubudahangarwa rusange bw'abaturage kurwara runaka, ni ubwirinzi butaziguye ku indwara yandura. Ibaho iyo abaturage bafite udahangarwa ku indwara haba biturutse ku gukingirwa cyangwa ubudahangarwa butewe no kuba baranduye indwara mbere umubiri ukiremera ubudahangarwa bitewe namakuru ubwirinzi bw’umubiri bwabitse muguhangana nindwara isa niyambere bigeze kwandura cyangwa kurwara. Nkuko tubikesha umuryango mbuzamahanga wita k'ubuzima (WHO &OMS) ushyigikiye kugera ku 'ubudahangarwa rusange bw’abaturage binyuze mu gukingirwa, nokuba utakwemera ko irwara ikwirakwira mu igice icyo ari cyo cyose cy'abaturage, kuko ibyo byaviramo indwara zahato nato n'impfu nyinshi bitari ngombwa.

Muri iyi shusho ngero, urugero rwambere rwerekana abaturage bataragera kubwirinzi rusange, naho urugero rwakabiri rwerekana abaturage bageze kubwirinzi rusange bw'indwara.

Ese nigute twagera kubwinzi rusange bwa COVID-19?

Ubudahangarwa bw'abaturage rusange burwanya indwara ya COVID-19 bushobora kugerwaho mu baturage binyuze mu gukingirwa, cyangwa kuba warinda abaturage kuba bahura nudukoko (pathogens) dutera kwandura indwara.

• Inkingo n'ubwirinzi karemano bikora bite?

Inkingo zitoza ubudahangarwa bw'umubiri gukora poroteyine zirwanya indwara, zizwi ku izina rya antibodies mundimi zamahanga, aba ni abasirikare barinda umubiri. ibi ni nako byagenda turamutse duhuye n'indwara zandura iyo yongeye kugaruka  isanga umubiri waritoje kwigwanaho muguhangana niyo ndwara uhereye kumakuru yimiterere n'imimere yutunyangingo twiyo ndwara, iyo ndwara itiyiyoberanije ihindura utunyangingo twari tuyigize. Abantu bakingiwe baba barinzwe kwandura indwara no kwanduza virusi, no kumena iminyururu cg inzira iyo ari yo yose yokuba bakwanduza abandi.

Utu tumenyetso tumeze nkinyuguti ya Y nitwo basirikari bumubiri (antibodies) bahangana n'indwara yinjiye mumubiri cg ishaka kwinjira mumubiri.

Ese ubudahangarwa rusange ku cyorezo cya COVID-19 bwaba buzwi?

Kugira ngo ubudahangarwa bw'abaturage cg ubudahangarwa rusange kuri COVID-19 bugerweho, umubare munini w'abaturage ugomba gukingirwa, bikagabanya umubare rusange wa virusi ushobora gukwira mu baturage bose. Imwe mu ntego iba igamijwe mu ukurema ubudahangarwa bwabaturage muri rusange ni ukugira ngo urinde amatsinda atishoboye muguhangana n'indwara cg afite intege nkeya adashobora gukingirwa indwara (urugero: bitewe n'ubuzima bwabantu batihanganira rukingo cg bari allergique “soma arerijike” kubigize urukingo ku rukingo) ngo bagire umutekano wizewe, uhagije kandi barinzwe indwara bidasubirwaho.

Ijanisha ryabantu bakeneye ubudahangarwa kugirango bagere kubudahangarwa bw’abaturage muri rusange buratandukanye kuri buri ndwara. Urugero, ubudahangarwa bwabaturage muri rusange mukurwanya iseru bisaba hafi 95% byabaturage gukingirwa. 5% isigaye izarindwa nuko iseru itazakwirakwizwa mubakingiwe. Kuri polio, urwego rugera kuri 80%. Nkuko tubikesha umuryango mpuza mahanga wita kubuzima (OMS) umubare w'abaturage bagomba gukingirwa COVID-19 kugirango habe hizewe ko ubudahangrwa rusange bwabaturage kugeza ubu iryo janisha ntabwo rizwi. Aka ni agace k’ubushakashatsi gakenewe kandi birashobora kuzatandukana hakurikijwe abaturage aho batuye cg baturuka, bitewe n’urukingo urwarirwo (urugero: Hari urukingo rwa Pfizer, astrazeneca, Johnson & Johnson, …) cg abaturage bashyizwe imbere ngo bakirwe bitewe nibintu bitandukanye, hashobora nogushingirwa no kubindi bintu bitandukanye cg impamvu zitandukanye (other factors).

Iyi shusho yerekana bumwe mubushakashatsi burimo kwiga ku ijanisha fatizo ry'ubudahangarwa bwarusange mubaturage bakingiwe COVID-19.

Gukingira abaturage bakagera ku budahangarwa rusange buhamye kandi bwizewe bituma indwara iba nkeya (makes disease rarer) kandi ubuzima bwabatuge bukaba burinzwe.